Plastic roundels threaded on cotton thread, extended by a wooden amulet-pendant, miniature representation "mbuya" of a Pende mask. The ivory pendants were, until independence, a symbol of resistance to the colonial state. The Western Pende live on the banks of the Kwilu, while the Easterners settled on the banks of the Kasai downstream from Tshikapa. The influences of the neighboring ethnic groups, Mbla, Suku, Wongo, Leele, Kuba and Salempasu are imprinted on their large tribal art sculpture. Within this diversity, the realistic Mbuya masks, produced every ten years, have a festive function and embody different characters, including the chief, the soothsayer and his wife, the prostitute, the possessed, etc. The initiation masks and those of power, the minganji, represent the ancestors and are performed successively during the same ceremonies, agricultural festivals, initiation and circumcision rituals (mukanda), and the chief's enthronement.
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